Educational resource · Not a medical device · Infectious diseases review in progress · Does not replace clinical judgement

Staphylococcus aureus

Review by an infectious diseases specialist in progress · edited by a physician, AI-assisted writing · level of evidence computed from the source type · page as of 31 October 2026 · Methodology

Staphylococcaceae · Gram-positive

Bactérie à haut risque d'endocardite infectieuse : l'échocardiographie (ETT, puis ETO si besoin) est recommandée devant toute bactériémie à S. aureus (ESC 2023, IDSA 2011). Endocardite diagnostiquée à l'ETO dans 14-25 % des bactériémies à S. aureus explorées (Holland 2014, 9 études observationnelles) ; S. aureus = 31 % des endocardites certaines de la cohorte ICE-PCS (Fowler 2005, Murdoch 2009). Critères de bactériémie non compliquée (duration not verified — see cited source) : valve native, hémocultures négatives à 72h, apyrexie à 72h, pas de prothèse/matériel, pas de foyer secondaire. Si critère manquant : traitement, duration not verified — see cited source. SARM : vancomycine ou daptomycine (IDSA 2011). MSSA : oxacilline/cloxacilline préférée à la vancomycine (not verified). Portage nasal : décolonisation par mupirocine nasale (not verified).

Scope: dosing as described in the cited guidelines (French or international context, stated by the source), for adults with normal renal function unless stated on the line. No renal or hepatic, paediatric or pregnancy adjustment is provided systematically. These regimens have not been reviewed by any infectious-disease specialist to date.

Documented organ tropism

Organs where foci of Staphylococcus aureus are described in the cited literature. The reported frequency is not an individual probability.

Organ	Tropism	Level of evidence	Sources	Spread route
Heart / Endocardium	High tropism	Evidence B	5	hematogenous
Bones / Joints	High tropism	Evidence B	3	not recorded
Lung	High tropism	Evidence B	3	not recorded
Skin	High tropism	Evidence B	3	not recorded
Central nervous system	Moderate tropism	Evidence B	3	not recorded
Kidney	Moderate tropism	Evidence B	2	hematogenous (derived from the card text)
Eye	Moderate tropism	Evidence B	2	not recorded
Urinary system / Bladder	Rare tropism	Evidence B	1	not recorded
Liver / Bile duct	Rare tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded
Spleen	Moderate tropism	Evidence C	1	hematogenous
Meninges	Moderate tropism	Evidence C	2	hematogenous

Described portals of entry

• Skin
• Bones / Joints
• Urinary system / Bladder

Described spread path

Porte d'entrée cutanée/muqueuse → bactériémie → dissémination hématogène → cœur (endocardite), os (ostéomyélite), rein (abcès), poumon (emboles septiques), SNC (abcès cérébral)

Spread routes recorded: 4 of 11 documented foci (including 1 derived from the card text) A focus without a route is not a focus without spread: the route is simply not recorded.

Associated syndromes

• Infective endocarditis (IE)
• Bacterial skin infections
• Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
• Bacteraemia and sepsis
• Brain abscess
• Prosthesis-related infection

Sources

• ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis (Delgado V et al.) (2023) — doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193
• Holland TL et al. — Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review (2014) — doi:10.1001/jama.2014.9743
• Fowler VG et al. — Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress (2005) — doi:10.1001/jama.293.24.3012
• Murdoch DR et al. — Clinical presentation, etiology and outcome of infective endocarditis (ICE-PCS) (2009) — doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603
• van Hal SJ et al. — Predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (2012) — doi:10.1128/CMR.05022-11
• Berbari EF et al. — IDSA Clinical Practice Guidelines for Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis (2015) — doi:10.1093/cid/civ482
• Lew DP & Waldvogel FA — Osteomyelitis (Lancet) (2004) — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16727-5
• Tong SY et al. — S. aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations (CMR) (2015) — doi:10.1128/CMR.00134-14
• Kalil AC et al. — IDSA/ATS Management of Adults with HAP/VAP (2016) — doi:10.1093/cid/ciw353
• Gillet Y et al. — S. aureus PVL and lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients (2002) — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07877-7
• IDSA — SSTI Practice Guidelines (2014) — doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296
• Liu C et al. — IDSA MRSA Clinical Practice Guidelines (2011) — doi:10.1093/cid/ciq146
• Mathisen GE & Johnson JP — Brain abscess (1997) — doi:10.1086/515541
• Muder RR et al. — Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the urinary tract (2006) — doi:10.1086/498518
• Jackson TL et al. — Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17-year prospective series (2003) — doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(03)00054-7
• Huang CJ et al. — Pyogenic hepatic abscess: changing trends over 42 years (Ann Surg) (1996) — doi:10.1097/00000658-199605000-00016

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