Educational resource · Not a medical device · Infectious diseases review in progress · Does not replace clinical judgement

Toxoplasma gondii — Toxoplasmosis

Review by an infectious diseases specialist in progress · edited by a physician, AI-assisted writing · level of evidence computed from the source type · page as of 30 October 2026 · Methodology

Sarcocystidae · Parasite

Parasite intracellulaire strict — séroprévalence élevée en France (parmi les plus élevées d'Europe). Bénigne chez l'immunocompétent (syndrome mononucléosique discret). URGENCES : (1) toxoplasmose cérébrale — 1ère cause d'abcès cérébral chez le VIH (CD4 < 100/mm³) ; (2) toxoplasmose congénitale — rétinochoroïdite, hydrocéphalie, calcifications cérébrales. Encéphalite toxoplasmique (VIH), ATB : pyriméthamine selon le poids (≤ ou > 60 kg) + sulfadiazine selon le poids, duration not verified — see cited source. Acide folinique associé (toxicité médullaire). Grossesse : schéma propre (spiramycine avant 14 SA ; NIH/CDC/HIVMA-IDSA, version en ligne 2026). Prophylaxie primaire : TMP-SMX si CD4 < 100 et séropositif.

Scope: dosing as described in the cited guidelines (French or international context, stated by the source), for adults with normal renal function unless stated on the line. No renal or hepatic, paediatric or pregnancy adjustment is provided systematically. These regimens have not been reviewed by any infectious-disease specialist to date.

Documented organ tropism

Organs where foci of Toxoplasma gondii are described in the cited literature. The reported frequency is not an individual probability.

Organ	Tropism	Level of evidence	Sources	Spread route
Central nervous system — Abcès cérébral	High tropism	Evidence B	2	hematogenous
Eye — Rétinochoroïdite	High tropism	Evidence C	1	hematogenous
Heart / Endocardium — Myocardite	Rare tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded
Lung	Rare tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded

Described portals of entry

• Colon / Alimentary system

Spread routes recorded: 2 of 4 documented foci A focus without a route is not a focus without spread: the route is simply not recorded.

Associated syndromes

• Brain abscess

Sources

• Montoya JG & Liesenfeld O — Toxoplasmosis (2004) — doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16412-X
• NIH / CDC / HIVMA-IDSA — Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV (2019) — https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections
• Holland GN — Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment (2003) — doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2003.09.040

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