Educational resource · Not a medical device · Infectious diseases review in progress · Does not replace clinical judgement

Coxiella burnetii — Q fever

Review by an infectious diseases specialist in progress · edited by a physician, AI-assisted writing · level of evidence computed from the source type · page as of 30 October 2026 · Methodology

Coxiellaceae · Gram stain not contributive

Coxiella burnetii est une bactérie intracellulaire stricte — les hémocultures restent négatives (bactérie non cultivable en routine). Cause classique d'endocardite à hémoculture négative (EHN) ; sa part parmi les EHN n'est pas chiffrée dans les sources consultées. Zoonose : réservoir ovin, caprin, bovin (troupeaux), chats. Exposition professionnelle (éleveurs, vétérinaires, agriculteurs, abattoirs) ou résidence en zone rurale. Diagnostic : SÉROLOGIE PHASE I et PHASE II de référence (IgG phase I ≥800 = critère majeur d'EI — Duke modifié). Traitement EI : doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine, duration not verified — see cited source. Contrôle sérologique tous les 6 mois.

Scope: dosing as described in the cited guidelines (French or international context, stated by the source), for adults with normal renal function unless stated on the line. No renal or hepatic, paediatric or pregnancy adjustment is provided systematically. These regimens have not been reviewed by any infectious-disease specialist to date.

Documented organ tropism

Organs where foci of Coxiella burnetii are described in the cited literature. The reported frequency is not an individual probability.

Organ	Tropism	Level of evidence	Sources	Spread route
Heart / Endocardium	High tropism	Evidence B	3	not recorded
Liver / Bile duct (hépatite granulomateuse)	High tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded
Lung (pneumopathie atypique)	Moderate tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded
Bones / Joints (ostéomyélite)	Rare tropism	Evidence C	1	not recorded

Spread routes recorded: 0 of 4 documented foci A focus without a route is not a focus without spread: the route is simply not recorded.

Associated syndromes

• Infective endocarditis (IE)

Sources

• Eldin C et al. — From Q fever to Coxiella burnetii infection: a paradigm change (CMR) (2017) — doi:10.1128/CMR.00045-16
• ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis (Delgado V et al.) (2023) — doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193
• Raoult D et al. — Treatment of Q fever endocarditis: comparison of 2 regimens containing doxycycline and ofloxacin or hydroxychloroquine (Arch Intern Med) (1999) — doi:10.1001/archinte.159.2.167

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